---
title: Store Event Handlers in Refs
impact: LOW
impactDescription: stable subscriptions
tags: advanced, hooks, refs, event-handlers, optimization
---

## Store Event Handlers in Refs

Store callbacks in refs when used in effects that shouldn't re-subscribe on callback changes.

**Incorrect (re-subscribes on every render):**

```tsx
function useWindowEvent(event: string, handler: (e) => void) {
  useEffect(() => {
    window.addEventListener(event, handler);
    return () => window.removeEventListener(event, handler);
  }, [event, handler]);
}
```

**Correct (stable subscription):**

```tsx
function useWindowEvent(event: string, handler: (e) => void) {
  const handlerRef = useRef(handler);
  useEffect(() => {
    handlerRef.current = handler;
  }, [handler]);

  useEffect(() => {
    const listener = (e) => handlerRef.current(e);
    window.addEventListener(event, listener);
    return () => window.removeEventListener(event, listener);
  }, [event]);
}
```

**Alternative: use `useEffectEvent` if you're on latest React:**

```tsx
import { useEffectEvent } from 'react';

function useWindowEvent(event: string, handler: (e) => void) {
  const onEvent = useEffectEvent(handler);

  useEffect(() => {
    window.addEventListener(event, onEvent);
    return () => window.removeEventListener(event, onEvent);
  }, [event]);
}
```

`useEffectEvent` provides a cleaner API for the same pattern: it creates a stable function reference that always calls the latest version of the handler.
